> [[jpii-md-09|← Previous]] | [[mulieris-dignitatem-toc|TOC]] # Endnotes [\[1\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref1) The Council's Message to Women (December 8, 1965); *AAS* 58 (1966), 13-14. [\[2\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref2) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 8; 9; 60. [\[3\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref3) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity " *[Apostolicam actuositatem](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19651118_apostolicam-actuositatem_en.html)*," 9. [\[4\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref4) Cf. Pius XII, *Address to Italian Women* (October 21, 1945): *AAS* 37 (1945) 284-295; *Address to the World Union of Catholic Women's Organizations* (April 24, 1952), *AAS* 44 (1952), 420-424; *Address to the participants in the XIV International Meeting of the World Union of Catholic Women's Organizations* (September 29,1957): *AAS* 49 (1957), 906-922. [\[5\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref5) Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Letter " [Pacem in Terris](http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem.html) " (April 11, 1963); *AAS* 55 (1963), 267-268. [\[6\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref6) Proclamation of St. Teresa of Jesus as a "Doctor of the Universal Church" (September 27, 1970): *AAS* 62 (1970), 590-596; Proclamation of St. Catherine of Siena as a "Doctor of the Universal Church" (October 4, 1970): *AAS* 62 (1970), 673-678. [\[7\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref7) Cf. MS 65 (1973), 284f. [\[8\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref8) Paul VI, *Address to participants at the National Meeting of the Centro Italiano Femminile* (December 6, 1976): " *Insegnamenti di Paolo VI*," XIV (1976), 1017. [\[9\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref9) Cf. Encyclical Letter " *[Redemptoris Mater](http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater.html)* " (March 25, 1987), 46: *AAS* 79 (1987), 424f. [\[10\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref10) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church " *[Lumen gentium](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html)* " 1. [\[11\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref11) An illustration of the anthropological and theological significance of the "beginning" can be seen in the first part of the Wednesday General Audience Addresses dedicated to the "Theology of the Body," beginning September 5, 1979: " *Insegnamenti II*," 2 (1979), 234-236. [\[12\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref12) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 22. [\[13\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref13) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions " *[Nostra aetate](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html)*," 1. [\[14\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref14) *Ibid*., 2. [\[15\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref15) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation " *[Dei Verbum](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_en.html)*," 2. [\[16\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref16) Already according to the Fathers of the Church the first revelation of the Trinity in the New Testament took place in the Annunciation. One reads in a homily attributed to St. Gregory Thaumaturgus: "You, O Mary, are resplendent with light in the sublime spiritual kingdom! In you the Father, who is without beginning and whose power has covered you, is glorified. In you the Son, whom you bore in the flesh, is adored. In you the Holy Spirit, who has brought about in your womb the birth of the great King, is celebrated. And it is thanks to you, O Full of grace, that the holy and consubstantial Trinity has been able to be known in the world" (*Hom. 2 in Annuntiat. Virg. Mariae*: *PG* 10, 1169). Cf. also St. Andrew of Crete, In Annuntiat. B. Mariae: *PG* 97, 909. [\[17\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref17) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions " *[Nostra aetate](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html)*," 2. [\[18\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref18) The theological doctrine on the Mother of God (Theotokos), held by many Fathers of the Church, and clarified and defined at the Council of Ephesus (DS 251) and at the Council of Chalcedon (DS 301), has been stated again by the Second Vatican Council in Chapter VIII of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church " *[Lumen gentium](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html)*," 52-69. Cf. Encyclical Letter " *[Redemptoris Mater](http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater.html)*," 4, 31-32 and the Notes 9, 78-83: loc. cit., 365, 402-404. [\[19\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref19) Cf. Encyclical Letter " *[Redemptoris Mater](http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater.html)*," 7-11 and the texts of the Fathers cited in Note 21: loc. cit., 367-373. [\[20\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref20) Cf. ibid., 39-41: loc. cit., 412-418. [\[21\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref21) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church " *[Lumen gentium](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html)*," 36. [\[22\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref22) Cf. St. Irenaeus, " *Adv. haer.*" V, 6, 1; V, 16, 2-3: 5. Ch. 153, 72-81 and 216-221; St. Gregory of Nyssa, *De hom.* op. 16: *PG* 44, 180; *In Cant Cant. hom*. 2: *PG* 44, 805-808; St. Augustine, *In Ps*. 4, 8: CCL 38, 17. [\[23\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref23) "Persona est naturae rationalis individua substantia": Manlius Severinus Boethius, *Liber de persona et duabus naturis*, III: *PL* 64, 1343; cf. St. Thomas Aquinas, *Summa Theologiae*, Ia, q. 29, art. 1. [\[24\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref24) Among the Fathers of the Church who affirm the fundamental equality of man and woman before God cf. Origen, *In Iesu nave IX*, 9: PG 12, 878; Clement of Alexandria, *Paed*. 1, 4: S. Ch. 70, 128-131; St. Augustine, *Sermo* 51, II, 3: *PL* 38, 334-335. [\[25\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref25) St. Gregory of Nyssa states: "God is above all love and the fount of love. The great John says this: 'Love is of God' and 'God is love' (1 *Jn* 4:7-8). The Creator has impressed this character also on us. 'By this all men will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another' (*Jn* 13:35). Therefore, if this is not present, all the image becomes disfigured" (*De hom* op. 5: *PG* 44, 137). [\[26\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref26) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 24. [\[27\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref27) Cf. *Num* 23:19; *Hos* 11:9; *Is* 40:18; 46:5; cf. also Fourth Lateran Council (DS 806). [\[28\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref28) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 13. [\[29\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref29) "Diabolic" from the Greek "dia-ballo" = "I divide, separate, slander." [\[30\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref30) Cf. Origen, *In Gen. hom*. 13, 4: *PG* 12, 234; St. Gregory of Nyssa, *De virg*. 12: S. Ch. 119, 404-419; *De beat*. VI: *PG* 44, 1272. [\[31\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref31) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 13. [\[32\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref32) Cf. *ibid*., 24. [\[33\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref33) It is precisely by appealing to the divine law that the Fathers of the fourth century strongly react against the discrimination still in effect with regard to women in the customs and the civil legislation of their time. Cf. St. Gregory of Nazianzus, Or. 37, 6: *PG* 36, 290; St. Jerome, " *Ad Oceanum* " ep. 77, 3: *PL* 22, 691; St. Ambrose, " *De instit. virg*." III, 16:PL 16, 309; St. Augustine, Sermo 132, 2: *PL* 38, 735; *Sermo* 392, 4: *PL* 39, 1711. [\[34\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref34) Cf. St. Irenaeus, *Adv. haer.* III 23, 7: S. Ch. 211, 462-465; V, 21, 1: S. Ch. 153, 260-265; St. Epiphanius, *Panar*. III, 2, 78: *PG* 42, 728-729; St. Augustine, *Enarr. in Ps*. 103, S. 4, 6: CCL 40, 1525. [\[35\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref35) Cf. St. Justin, " *Dial. cum Tryph*." 100: PG 6, 709712; St. Irenaeus, " *Adv. haer*." III, 22, 4: S. Ch. 211, 438-445; v, 19, 1: 5. Ch. 153, 248-251; St. Cyril of Jerusalem, " *Catech*." 12, 15: PG 33, 741; St. John Chrysostom, " *In Ps."* 44, 7: *PG* 55, 193; St. John Damascene, " *Hom. 2 in dorm*." B.V.M. 3: S. Ch. 80, 130-135; Hesychius, Sermo 5 in Deiparam; *PG* 93, 1464f.; Tertullian, " *De carne Christi* " 17: CCL 2, 904f.; St. Jerome, "Epist". 22, 21: PL 22, 408; St. Augustine, "Sermo" 51, 2-3: *PL* 38, 335; "Sermo" 232, 2: *PL* 38, 1108; J. H. Newman, " *A Letter to the Rev. E. B. Pusey*," Longmans, London 1865; M. J. Scheeben, " *Handbuch der Katholischen Dogmatik*," V/1 (Freiburg 1954), 243-266; v/2 (Freiburg 1954), 306-499. [\[36\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref36) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)* " 22. [\[37\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref37) Cf. St. Ambrose, " *De instit. virg*." V, 33: *PL* 16, 313. [\[38\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref38) Cf. Rabanus Maurus, "De vita beatae Mariae Magdalenae," XXVII: "Salvator...ascensionis suae eam (=Mariam Magdalenam) ad apostolos instituit apostolam" (*PL* 112, 1474). "Facta est Apostolorum Apostola per hoc quod ei committitur ut resurrectionem dominicam discipulis annuntiet": St. Thomas Aquinas, " *In Ioannem Evangelistam Expositio*," c. XX, L. III 6 (" *Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Comment. in Matthaeum et Ioannem Evangelistas* "), Ed. Parmen. X, 629. [\[39\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref39) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 24. [\[40\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref40) Encyclical Letter " *[Redemptoris Mater](http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater.html)* ", 18: loc. cit., 383. [\[41\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref41) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 24. [\[42\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref42) Cf. John Paul II, Wednesday General Audience Addresses, April 7 and 21, 1982: " *Insegnamenti* " V, 1, (1982), 1126-1131 and 1175-1179. [\[43\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref43) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church " *[Lumen gentium](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html)*," 63; St. Ambrose, In Lc II, 7: S. Ch. 45, 74; *De instit. virg*. XIV, 87-89: *PL* 16, 326-327; St. Cyril of Alexandria, *Hom*. 4: *PG* 77, 996; St. Isidore of Seville, " *Allegoriae* " 139: PL 83, 117. [\[44\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref44) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church " *[Lumen gentium](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html)*," 63. [\[45\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref45) *Ibid*., 64. [\[46\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref46) *Ibid*., 64. [\[47\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref47) *Ibid*., 64. Concerning the relation Mary-Church which continuously recurs in the reflection of the Fathers of the Church and of the entire Christian Tradition, cf. Encyclical Letter " *[Redemptoris Mater](http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater.html)*," 42-44 and Notes 117-127: loc. cit., 418-422. Cf. also: Clement of Alexandria, " *Paed* ". 1, 6: S. Ch. 70, 186f.; St. Ambrose, " *In Lc* " II, 7: "S. Ch." 45, 74; St. Augustine," *Sermo* " 192, 2: PL 38, 1012; " *Sermo* " 195, 2: *PL* 38, 1018; " *Sermo* " 25, 8: *PL* 46, 938; St. Leo the Great, " *Sermo* " 25, 5: *PL* 54, 211; " *Sermo* " 26, 2: *PL* 54, 213; St. Bede the Venerable, "In Lc" I, 2: *PL* 92, 330. "Both mothers--writes Isaac of Stella, disciple of St. Bernard--both virgins, both conceive through the work of the Holy Spirit...Mary...has given birth in body to her Head; the Church...gives to this Head her body. The one and the other are mothers of Christ: but neither of the two begets him entirely without the other. Properly for that reason...that which is said in general of the virgin mother Church is understood especially of the virgin mother Mary; and that which is said in a special way of the virgin mother Mary must be attributed in general to the virgin mother Church; and all that is said about one of the two can be understood without distinction of one from the other" (*Sermo* 51, 7-8: S. Ch. 339, 202-205). [\[48\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref48) Cf. for example, *Hos* 1:2; 2:16-18; *Jer* 2:2; *Ezek* 16:8; *Is* 50:1; 54:5-8. [\[49\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref49) Cf. *Col* 3:18; 1 *Pt* 3:1-6; *Tit* 2:4-5; *Eph* 5:22-24; 1 *Cor* 11:3-16; 14:33-35; 1 *Tim* 2:11-15. [\[50\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref50) Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration Concerning the Question of the Admission of Women to the Ministerial Priesthood " *[Inter Insigniores](http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19761015_inter-insigniores_en.html)* " (October 15, 1976): A, 45, 69 (1977), 98116. [\[51\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref51) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church " *[Lumen gentium](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html)*," 10. [\[52\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref52) Cf. *ibid*., 10. [\[53\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref53) Cf. *ibid*., 18-29. [\[54\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref54) *Ibid*., 65; cf. also 63; cf. Encyclical Letter " *[Redemptoris Mater](http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater.html)*," 2-6; loc. cit., 362-367. [\[55\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref55) "This Marian profile is also--even perhaps more so--fundamental and characteristic for the Church as is the apostolic and Petrine profile to which it is profoundly united....The Marian dimension of the Church is antecedent to that of the Petrine, without being in any way divided from it or being less complementary. Mary Immaculate precedes all others, including obviously Peter himself and the Apostles. This is so, not only because Peter and the Apostles, being born of the human race under the burden of sin, form part of the Church which is 'holy from out of sinners,' but also because their triple function has no other purpose except to form the Church in line with the ideal of sanctity already programmed and prefigured in Mary. A contemporary theologian has rightly stated that Mary is 'Queen of the Apostles without any pretensions to apostolic powers: she has other and greater powers' (H. U. von Balthasar, " *Neue Klarstellungen* ")." *Address to the Cardinal and Prelates of the Roman Curia* (December 22, 1987); "L'Osservatore Romano," December 23, 1987. [\[56\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref56) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 10. [\[57\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref57) *Ibid*., 10. [\[58\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref58) Cf. St. Augustine, " *De Trinitate*," L. VIII, VII, 10-X, 14: CCL 50, 284-291. [\[59\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref59) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 24. [\[60\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref60) Cf. in the Appendix to the works of St. Ambrose, " *In Apoc*." IV, 3-4: *PL* 17, 876; St. Augustine, " *De symb. ad. catech. sermo* " IV: *PL* 40, 661. [\[61\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref61) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World " *[Gaudium et spes](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html)*," 10. [\[62\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref62) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church " *[Lumen gentium](http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html)*," 36. [\[63\]](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1988/documents/#_ednref63) Cf. *ibid*., 63. --- ![[maps/bibliography#^biblio-jpii-md]] --- > [[jpii-md-09|← Previous]] | [[mulieris-dignitatem-toc|TOC]]