> [[jpii-vs-04|← Previous]] | [[veritatis-splendor-toc|TOC]] # Footnotes **1**. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 22. **2**. Cf. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church *Lumen Gentium*, 1. **3**. Cf. *ibid*., 9. **4**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 4. **5**. Paul VI, *Address* to the General Assembly of the United Nation (October 4, 1965),1: *AAS* 57 (1965), 878; cf. Encyclical Letter *Populorum Progressio* (March 26,1967),13: *AAS* 59 (1967), 263-264. **6**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 16. **7**. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church *Lumen Gentium*, 16. **8**. Pius XII had already pointed out this doctrinal development: cf. *Radio Message* for the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Encyclical Letter *Rerum Novarum* of Leo XIII (June 1, 1941): *AAS* 33 (1941), 195-205. Also John XXIII, Encyclical Letter *Mater et Magistra* (May 15,1961): *AAS* 53 (1961), 410-413. **9**. Apostolic Letter *Spiritus Domini* (August 1,1987): *AAS* 79 (1987),1374. **10**. *Catechism of the Catholic Church*, No.1692. **11**. Apostolic Constitution *Fidei Depositum* (October 11,1992), 4. **12**. Cf. Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation *Dei Verbum*, 10. **13**. Cf. Apostolic Epistle *Parati Semper* to the Young People of the World on the occasion of the International Year of Youth (March 31, 1985), 2-8: *AAS* 77 (1985), 581-600. **14**. Cf. Decree on Priestly Formation *Optatam Totius*, 16. **15**. Encyclical Letter *Redemptor Hominis* (March 4, 1979), 13: *AAS* 71 (1979), 282. **16**. *Ibid*.,10: *loc. cit*., 274. **17**. *Exameron*, Dies VI, Sermo IX, 8, 50: *CSEL* 32, 24. **18**. Saint Leo the Great, *Sermo XCII*, Chap. III: *PL* 54, 454. **19**. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *In Duo Praecepta Caritatis et in Cecem Legis Praecepta. Prologus: Opuscula Theologica*, II, No. 1129, Ed. Taurinen (1954), 245; cf. *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q. 91, a. 2; *Catechism of the Catholic Church*, No. 1955. **20**. Cf. Saint Maximus the Confessor, *Quaestiones ad Thalassium*, Q. 64: *PG* 90, 723-728. **21**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 24. **22**. *Catechism of the Catholic Church*, No. 2070. **23**. *In Iohannis Evangelium Tractatus*, 41, 10: *CCL* 36, 363. **24**. Cf. Saint Augustine, *De Sermone Domini in Monte*, I, 1, 1: *CCL* 35,1-2. **25**. *In Psalmum CXVIII Expositio*, Sermo 18, 37: *PL* 15, 1541; cf. Saint Chromatius of Aquileia, *Tractarus in Matthaeum*, XX, I,1-4: *CCL* 9/A, 291-292. **26**. Cf. *Catechism of the Catholic Church*, No.1717. **27**. *In Iohannis Evangelium Tractatus*, 41, 10: *CCL* 36, 363. **28**. *Ibid*., 21, 8: *CCL* 36, 216. **29**. *Ibid*., 82, 3: *CCL* 36, 533. **30**. *De Spiritu et Littera*, 19, 34: *CSEL* 60,187. **31**. *Confessiones*, X, 29, 40: *CCL* 27,176; cf. *De Gratia et Livero Arbitrio*, XV: *PL* 44, 899. **32**. Cf. *De Spiritu et Littera*, 21, 36; 26, 46: *CSEL* 60,189-190; 200-201. **33**. Cf. *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q.106, a.1 conclusion and ad 2um. **34**. *In Matthaeum*, Hom. I,1: *PG* 57,15. **35**. Cf. Saint Irenaeus, *Adversus Haereses*, IV, 26, 2-5: *SCh* 100/12, 718-729. **36**. Cf. Saint Justin, *Apologia*, I, 66: *PG* 6, 427-430. **37**. Cf. 1 Pt 2:12ff; cf. *Didache*, II, 2: *Patres Apostolici*, ed. F. X. Funk, I, 6-9; Clement of Alexandria, *Paedagogus*, I, 10; II, 10: *PG* 8, 3ff-364; 497-536; Tertullian, *Apologeticum*, IX, 8: *CSEL*, 69, 24. **38**. Cf. Saint Ignatius of Antioch, *Ad Magnesios*, VI,1-2: *Patres Apostolici*, ed. F. X. Funk, I, 234-235; Saint Irenaeus, *Adversus Haereses*, IV, 33:1, 6, 7: *SCh* 100/ 2, 802-805; 814-815; 816-819. **39**. Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation *Dei Verbum*, 8. **40**. Cf. *ibid*. **41**. *Ibid*.,10. **42**. *Code of Canon Law*, Canon 747, 2. **43**. Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation *Dei Verbum*, 7. **44**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modem World *Gaudium et Spes*, 22. **45**. Decree on Priestly Formation *Optatam Totius*, 16. **46**. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 62. **47**. *Ibid*. **48**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation *Dei Verbum*, 10. **49**. Cf. First Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith *Dei Filius*, Chap. 4: *DS*, 3018. **50**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on the Relationship of the Church to Non-Christian Religions *Nostra Aetate*, 1. **51**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 43-44. **52**. Declaration on Religious Freedom *Dignitatis Humanae*, 1, referring to John XXIII, Encyclical Letter *Pacem in Terris* (April 11,1963): *AAS* 55 (1963), 279; *ibid*., 265, and to Pius XII, *Radio Message* (December 24,1944): *AAS* 37 (1945),14. **53**. Declaration on Religious Freedom *Dignitaries Humane*, 1. **54**. Cf. Encyclical Letter *Redemptor Hominis* (March 4, 1979), 17: *AAS* 71 (1979), 295-300; *Address* to those taking part in the Fifth International Colloquium of Juridical Studies (March 10, 1984), 4: *Insegnamenti* VII, 1 (1984), 656; Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Christian Freedom and Liberation *Libertatis Conscientia* (March 22, 1986),19: *AAS* 79 (1987), 561. **55**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 11. **56**. *Ibid*.,17. **57**. *Ibid*. **58**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on Religious Freedom *Dignitatis Humanae*, 2; cf. also Gregory XVI, Encyclical Epistle *Mirari Vos Arbitramur* (August 15, 1832): *Acta Gregoree Papae* XVI, I, 169-174; Pius IX, Encyclical Epistle *Quanta Cura* (December 8, 1864): *Pii IX P.M. Acta*, I, 3, 687-700; Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter *Libertas Praestantissimum* (June 20,1888): *Leonis XIII P.M. Acta*, VIII, *Romae* 1889, 212-246. **59**. *A Letter Addressed to His Grace the Duke of Norfolk: Certain Difficulties Felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching* (Uniform Edition: Longman, Green and Company, London,1868-1881), vol. 2, p. 250. **60**. Cf. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 40 and 43. **61**. Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *Summa Theologica*, I-II, q. 71, a. 6; see also ad Sum. **62**. Cf. Pius XII, Encyclical Letter *Humani Generis* (August 12,1950): *AAS* 42 (1950), 561-562. **63**. Cf. Ecumenical Council of Trent, Sess. VI, Decree on Justification *Cum Hoc Tempore, Canons 19-21: DS,1569-1571.* **64**. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 17, **65**. *De Hominis Opificio*, Chap. 4: *PG* 44,135-136. **66**. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 36. **67**. *Ibid*. **68**, *Ibid*. **69**. Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q. 93, a. 3, ad 2um, cited by John XXIII, Encyclical Letter *Pacem in Terris* (April 11, 1963): *AAS* 55 (1963), 271. **70**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 41. **71**. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *In Duo Praecepta Caritatis et in Decem Legis Praecepta. Prologus: Opuscula Theologica*, II, No. 1129, Ed. Taurinen. (1954), 245. **72**. Cf. *Address* to a Group of Bishops from the United States on the occasion of their *ad Limina* Visit (October 15,1988), 6: *Insegnamenti*, XI, 3 (1988),1228. **73**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 47. **74**. Cf. Saint Augustine, *Enarratio in Psalmum LXII*,16: *CCL* 39, 804. **75**. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 17. **76**. *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q. 91, a. 2. **77**. Cf. *Catechism of the Catholic Church*, No.1955. **78**. Declaration on Religious Freedom *Dignitatis Humanae*, 3. **79**. *Contra Faustum*, Bk 22, Chap. 27: *PL* 42, 418. **80**. *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q. 93, a. 1. **81**. Cf. *ibid*., I-II, q. 90, a.4, ad 1um. **82**. *Ibid*., I-II, q. 91, a.2. **83**. Encyclical Letter *Libertas Praestantissimum* (June 20,1888): *Leonis XIII P.M. Acta*, VIII, Romae 1889, 219. **84**. *In Epistulam ad Romanos*, c. VIII, lect. 1. **85**. Cf. Sess. IV, Decree on Justification *Cum Hoc Tempore*, Chap. 1: *DS*,1521. **86**. Cf. Ecumenical Council of Vienne, Constitution *Fidei Catholicae*: *DS*, 902; Fifth Lateran Ecumenical Council, Bull *Apostolici Regiminis*: *DS*, 1440. **87**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 14. **88**. Cf. Sess. VI, Decree on Justification *Cum Hoc Tempore*, Chap. 15: *DS*, 1544. The Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on Reconciliation and Penance in the Mission of the Church Today cites other texts of the Old and New Testaments which condemn as mortal sins certain modes of conduct involving the body: cf. *Reconciliatio et Paenitentia* (December 2, 1984),17: *AAS* 77 (1985), 218-223. **89**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 51. **90**. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation *Donum Vitae* (February 22, 1987), Introduction, 3: *AAS* 80 (1988), 74; cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter *Humanae Vitae* (July 25, 1968),10: *AAS* 60 (1968), 487-488. **91**. Apostolic Exhortation *Familiaris Consortio* (November 22,1981),11: *AAS* 74 (1982), 92. **92**. *De Trinitate*, XIV,15, 21: *CCL* 50/A, 451. **93**. Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q. 94, a.2. **94**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 10; Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on Certain Questions Concerning Sexual Ethics *Persona Humana* (December 29,1975), 4: *AAS* 68 (1976, 80: "But in fact, divine Revelation and, in its own proper order, philosophical wisdom, emphasize the authentic exigencies of human nature. They thereby necessarily manifest the existence of immutable laws inscribed in the constitutive elements of human nature and which are revealed to be identical in all beings endowed with reason." **95**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 29. **96**. Cf, *ibid*., 16. **97**. *Ibid*., 10. **98**. Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *Summa Theologiae* I-II, q.108, a. 1. St. Thomas bases the fact that moral norms, even in the context of the New Law, are not merely formal in character but have a determined content, upon the assumption of human nature by the Word. **99**. Saint Vincent of Lerins, *Commonitorium Primum*, c. 23: *PG* 50, 668. **100**. The development of the Church's moral doctrine is similar to that of the doctrine of the faith (cf. First Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith *Dei Filius*, Chap. 4: *DS*, 3020, and Canon 4: *DS*, 3024). The words spoken by John XXIII at the opening of the Second Vatican Council can also be applied to moral doctrine: "This certain and unchanging teaching (i.e., Christian doctrine in its completeness), to which the faithful owe obedience, needs to be more deeply understood and set forth in a way adapted to the needs of our time. Indeed, this deposit of the faith, the truths contained in our time-honored teaching, is one thing; the manner in which these truths are set forth (with their meaning preserved intact) is something else":*AAS* 54 (1962), 792; cf. *L'OsservatoreRomano*, October 12, 1962, p. 2. **101**. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 16. **102**. *Ibid*. **103**. In *II Librum Sentent*., dist. 39, a. 1, q. 3, conclusion; Ed. Ad Claras Aquas, II 907b. **104**. *Address* (General Audience, August 17, 1983), 2: *Insegnamenti*, VI, 2 (1983), 256. **105**. Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, Instruction on "Situation Ethics'' *Contra Doctrinam* (February 2, 1956): *AAS* 48 (1956), 144. **106**. Encyclical Letter *Dominum et Vivificantem* (May 18, 1986), 43: *AAS* 78 (1986), 859; cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 16; Declaration on Religious Freedom *Dignitatis Humanae*, 3. **107**, Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 16. **108**. Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *De Veritate*, q. 17, a. 4, **109**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 16. **110**. Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *Summa Theologiae*, II-11, q. 45, a. 2. **111**. Declaration on Religious Freedom *Dignitatis Humanae*, 14. **112**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, *Dei Verbum*, 5; cf. First Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic *Faith Dei Filius*, Chap. 3: *DS*, 3008. **113**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation *Dei Verbum*, 5. Cf. Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on Certain Questions regarding Sexual Ethics *Persona Humana* (December 29,1975),10: *AAS* 68 (1976), 88-90. **114**. Cf. Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhoration *Reconciliatio et Paenitentia* (December 2,1984),17; *AAS* 77 (1985), 218-223. **115**. Sess. VI, Decree on Justification *Cum Hoc Tempore*, Chap. 15: *DS*, 1544; Canon 19: *DS*, 1569. **116**. Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhoration *Reconciliatio et Paenitentia* (December 2,1984),17: *AAS* 77 (1985), 221. **117**. *Ibid*.: *loc. cit*., 223. **118**. *Ibid*.: *loc. cit*., 222. **119**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 17. **120**. Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q. 1, a. 3: *"Idem sunt actus morales et actus humani."* **121**. *De Vita Moysis*, II, 2-3: *PG* 44, 327-328. **122**. Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *Summa Theologiae*, II-11, q.148, a. 3. **123**. The Second Vatican Council, in the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, makes this clear: "This applies not only to Christians but to all men of good will in whose hearts grace is secretly at work. Since Christ died for all and since man's ultimate calling comes from God and is therefore a universal one, we are obliged to hold that the Holy Spirit offers to all the possibility of sharing in this paschal mystery in a manner known to God": *Gaudium etSpes*, 22. **124**. *Tractatus ad Tiberium Diaconum sociosque*, II. *Responsiones ad Tiberium Diaconum sociosque*: Saint Cyril of Alexandria, *In Divi Johannis Evangelium,* vol. III, ed. Philip Edward Pusey, Brussels, Culture et Civilisation (1965), 590. **125**. Cf. Ecumenical Council of Trent, Session VI, Decree on Justification *Cum Hoc Tempore*, Canon 19: *DS*, 1569. See also: Clement XI, Constitution *Unigenitus Dei Filius* (September 8, 1713) against the Errors of Paschasius Quesnel, Nos. 53-56: *DS*, 2453-2456. **126**. Cf. *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q.18, a. 6. **127**. *Catechism of the Catholic Church*, No.1761. **128**. *In Duo Praecepta Caritatis et in Decem Legis Praecepta. De Dilectione Dei: Opuscula Theologica*, II, No. 1168, Ed. Taurinen. (1954), 250. **129**. Saint Alphonsus Maria De Liguori, *Pratica di amar Gesù Cristo*, VII, 3. **130**. Cf. *Summa Theologiae*, I-II, q. 100, a. 1. **131**. Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation *Reconciliatio et Paenitentia* (December 2, 1984), 17: *AAS* 77 (1985), 221; cf. Paul VI, *Address* to Members of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, (September 1967): *AAS* 59 (1967), 962: "Far be it from Christians to be led to embrace another opinion, as if the Council taught that nowadays some things are permitted which the Church had previously declared intrinsically evil. Who does not see in this the rise of a depraved moral relativism, one that clearly endangers the Church's entire doctrinal heritage?" **132**. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 27. **133**. Encyclical Letter *Humanae Vitae* (July 25, 1968), 14: *AAS* 60 (1968), 490-491. **134**. *Contra Mendacium*, VII, 18: *PL* 40, 528; cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, *Quaestiones Quodlibetales*, IX, q. 7, a. 2; *Catechism of the Catholic Church*, Nos. 1753-1755. **135**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on Religious Freedom *Dignitatis Humanae*, 7. **136**. *Address* to those taking part in the International Congress of Moral Theology (April 10,1986), 1; *Insegnamenti* IX, 1 (1986), 970. **137**. *Ibid*., 2: *loc. cit*., 970-971. **138**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 24. **139**. Cf. Encyclical Letter *Redemptor Hominis* (March 4, 1979), 12: *AAS* 71 (1979), 280-281. **140**. *Enarratio in Psalmum* *XCIX*, 7: *CCL* 39, 1397. **141**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church *Lumen Gentium* 36; cf. Encyclical Letter *Redemptor Hominis* (March 4,1979), 21: AAS 71 (1979), 316-317. **142**. *Roman Missal*, Prayer for the Memorial of the Beheading of John the Baptist, Martyr, August 29. **143**. Saint Bede the Venerable, *Homeliarum Evangelii* Libri, II, 23: *CCL* 122, 556-557. **144**. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 27. **145**. *Ad Romanos*, VI, 2-3: Patres Apostolici, ed. F. X. Funk, I, 260-261. **146**. *Moralia in Job*, VII, 21, 24: *PL* 75, 778: " *huius mundi aspera pro aeternis praemiis amore*." **147**. *"Summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas": Satirae,* VIII, 83-84. **148**. *Apologia* II, 8: *PG* 6, 457-458. **149**. Aposotolic Exhortation *Familiaris Consortio* (November 22, 1981), 33: *AAS* 74 (1982), 120. **150**. Cf. *Ibid*., 34: *loc. cit*., 123-1 Z5. **151**. Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation *Reconciliatio et Paenitentia* (December 2,1984), 34: *AAS* 77 (1985), 272. **152**. Encyclical Letter *Humanae Vitae* (July 25, 1968), 29: *AAS* 60 (1968), 501. **153**. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World *Gaudium et Spes*, 25. **154**. Cf. Encyclical Letter *CentesimusAnnus* (May 1, 1991), 24: *AAS* 83 (1991), 821-822. **155**. *Ibid*., 44: *loc. cit*., 848-849; cf. Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter *Libertas Praestantissimum* (June 20,1888), *LeonisXIII P.M. Acts*, VIII, *Romae* 1889, 224-226. **156**. Encyclical Letter *Sollicitudo Rei Socialis* (December 30,1987), 41: *AAS* 80 (1988), 571. **157**. *Catechism of the Catholic Church*, No. 2407. **158**. Cf. *ibid*., Nos. 2408-2413. **159**. *Ibid*., No. 2414. **160**. Cf. Encyclical Letter *Christifideles Laici* (December30,1988), 42: *AAS* 81 (1989), 472-476. **161**. Encyclical Letter *Centesimus Annus* (May 1,1991), 46: *AAS* 83 (1991), 850. **162**. Sess. VI, Decree on Justification *Cum Hoc Tempore*, Chap.11: *DS*, 1536; cf. Canon 18. *DS*, 1568. The celebrated text from Saint Augustine, which the Council cites is found in *De Narura et Gratia*, 43, 40 (*CSEL* 60, 270). **163**. *Oratio* I: *PG* 97, 805-806. **164**. *Address* to those taking part in a course on "responsible parenthood" (March 1, 1984), 4: *Insegnamenti* VII, 1 (1984), 583. **165**. *De Interpellatione David*, IV, 6, 22: *CSEL* 3212, 283-284. **166**. *Address* to the Bishops of CELAM (March 9,1983), III: *Insegnamenti*, VI, 1 (1983), 698. **167**. Apostolic Exhortation *Evangelii Nuntiandi* (December 8, 1975), 75: *AAS* 68 (1976), 64. **168**. *De Trinitate*, XXIX, 9-10: *CCL* 4, 70. **169**, Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church *Lumen Gentium* 12. **170**. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on the Ecclesial Vocation of the Theologian *Donum Veritatis* (May 24,1990), 6. *AAS* 82 (1990), 1552. **171**, *Address* to the Professors and Students of the Pontifical Gregorian University (December 15,1979), 6. *Insegnamenti* 11, 2 (1979),1424. **172**. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on the Ecclesial Vocation of the Theologian *Donum Veritatis* (May 24, 1990),16: *AAS* 82 (1990), 1557. **173**. Cf. *Code of Canon Law*, Canons 252,1; 659, 3. **174**. Cf. First Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith *Dei Filius*, Chap. 4: *DS*, 3016. **175**. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter *Humanae Vitae* (July 25, 1968), 28: *AAS* 60 (1968), 501. **176**. Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education, *The Theological formation of Future Priests* (February 22, 1976), No.100. See Nos. 95-101, which present the prospects and conditions for a fruitful renewal of moral theology: *loc. cit*., 39-41. **177**. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on the Ecclesial Vocation of the Theologian *Donum Veritatis* (May 24,1990),11: *AAS* 82 (1990), 1554; cf. in particular Nos. 32-39, devoted to the problem of dissent: *ibid*., *loc. cit.*, 1562-1568. **178**. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church *Lumen Gentium*, 25. **179**. Cf. *Code of Canon Law*, Canon 803, 3. **180**. Cf. *Code of Canon Law*, Canon 808. **181**. *"O inaestimabilis dilectio caritatis: ut servum redimeres, Filium tradidisti!" Missale Romanum, In Resurrectione Domini, Praeconium Paschale.* **182**. *In Iohannis Evangelium Tractatus*, 26,13: *CCL*, 36, 266. **183**. *De Virginibus*, Bk. II, Chap. II,15: *PL* 16, 222. **184**. *Ibid*., Bk. II, Chap. II, 7: *PL* 16, 220. --- ![[maps/bibliography#^biblio-jpii-vs]]