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# Psalm 22
## The Prayer of an Innocent Person
1 For the leader; according to “The deer of the dawn.” A psalm of David. ^psalm-22-1
### I
2 My God, my God, why have you abandoned me? ^psalm-22-2
Why so far from my call for help,
from my cries of anguish?
3 My God, I call by day, but you do not answer; ^psalm-22-3
by night, but I have no relief.
4 Yet you are enthroned as the Holy One; ^psalm-22-4
you are the glory of Israel.
5 In you our fathers trusted; ^psalm-22-5
they trusted and you rescued them.
6 To you they cried out and they escaped; ^psalm-22-6
in you they trusted and were not disappointed.
7 But I am a worm, not a man, ^psalm-22-7
scorned by men, despised by the people.
8 All who see me mock me; ^psalm-22-8
they curl their lips and jeer;
they shake their heads at me:
9 “He relied on the LORD —let him deliver him; ^psalm-22-9
if he loves him, let him rescue him.”
10 For you drew me forth from the womb, ^psalm-22-10
made me safe at my mother’s breasts.
11 Upon you I was thrust from the womb; ^psalm-22-11
since my mother bore me you are my God.
12 Do not stay far from me, ^psalm-22-12
for trouble is near,
and there is no one to help.
### II
13 Many bulls surround me; ^psalm-22-13
fierce bulls of Bashan encircle me.
14 They open their mouths against me, ^psalm-22-14
lions that rend and roar.
15 Like water my life drains away; ^psalm-22-15
all my bones are disjointed.
My heart has become like wax,
it melts away within me.
16 As dry as a potsherd is my throat; ^psalm-22-16
my tongue cleaves to my palate;
you lay me in the dust of death.
17 Dogs surround me; ^psalm-22-17
a pack of evildoers closes in on me.
They have pierced my hands and my feet
18 I can count all my bones. ^psalm-22-18
They stare at me and gloat;
19 they divide my garments among them; ^psalm-22-19
for my clothing they cast lots.
20 But you, LORD, do not stay far off; ^psalm-22-20
my strength, come quickly to help me.
21 Deliver my soul from the sword, ^psalm-22-21
my life from the grip of the dog.
22 Save me from the lion’s mouth, ^psalm-22-22
my poor life from the horns of wild bulls.
### III
23 Then I will proclaim your name to my brethren; ^psalm-22-23
in the assembly I will praise you:
24 “You who fear the LORD, give praise! ^psalm-22-24
All descendants of Jacob, give honor;
show reverence, all descendants of Israel!
25 For he has not spurned or disdained ^psalm-22-25
the misery of this poor wretch,
Did not turn away from me,
but heard me when I cried out.
26 I will offer praise in the great assembly; ^psalm-22-26
my vows I will fulfill before those who fear him.
27 The poor will eat their fill; ^psalm-22-27
those who seek the LORD will offer praise.
May your hearts enjoy life forever!”
### IV
28 All the ends of the earth ^psalm-22-28
will remember and turn to the LORD;
All the families of nations
will bow low before him.
29 For kingship belongs to the LORD, ^psalm-22-29
the ruler over the nations.
30 All who sleep in the earth ^psalm-22-30
will bow low before God;
All who have gone down into the dust
will kneel in homage.
31 And I will live for the LORD; ^psalm-22-31
my descendants will serve you.
32 The generation to come will be told of the Lord, ^psalm-22-32
that they may proclaim to a people yet unborn
the deliverance you have brought.
\* (Psalm 22) A lament unusual in structure and in intensity of feeling. The psalmist’s present distress is contrasted with God’s past mercy in ([[psalm-22|Ps 22]]:2] – [12]. In ([[psalm-22|Ps 22]]:13] – [22] enemies surround the psalmist. The last third is an invitation to praise God (([[psalm-22|Ps 22]]:23] – [27]), becoming a universal chorus of praise (([[psalm-22|Ps 22]]:28] – [31]). The Psalm is important in the New Testament. Its opening words occur on the lips of the crucified Jesus (([[mark-15|Mk 15]]:34]; ([[matthew-27|Mt 27]]:46]), and several other verses are quoted, or at least alluded to, in the accounts of Jesus’ passion (([[matthew-27|Mt 27]]:35], [43]; [Jn 19:24]).
\* (22:1) The deer of the dawn: apparently the title of the melody.
\* (22:7) I am a worm, not a man: the psalmist’s sense of isolation and dehumanization, an important motif of [Ps 22], is vividly portrayed here.
\* (22:13] – [14) Bulls: the enemies of the psalmist are also portrayed in less-than-human form, as wild animals (cf. ([[psalm-22|Ps 22]]:17], [21] – [22]). Bashan: a grazing land northeast of the Sea of Galilee, famed for its cattle, cf. [Dt 32:14]; [Ez 39:18]; [Am 4:1].
\* (22:16) The dust of death: the netherworld, the domain of the dead.
\* (22:23) In the assembly I will praise you: the person who offered a thanksgiving sacrifice in the Temple recounted to the other worshipers the favor received from God and invited them to share in the sacrificial banquet. The final section (([[psalm-22|Ps 22]]:24] – [32]) may be a summary or a citation of the psalmist’s poem of praise.
\* (22:25) Turn away: lit., “hides his face from me,” an important metaphor for God withdrawing from someone, e.g., [Mi 3:4]; [Is 8:17]; ([[psalm-27|Ps 27]]:9]; [69:18]; [88:15].
\* (22:27) The poor: originally the poor, who were dependent on God; the term (*‘anawim*) came to include the religious sense of “humble, pious, devout.”
\* (22:30) Hebrew unclear. The translation assumes that all on earth (([[psalm-22|Ps 22]]:27] – [28]) and under the earth (([[psalm-22|Ps 22]]:29]) will worship God.
a. (22:2) [Is 49:14]; [54:7]; ([[matthew-27|Mt 27]]:46]; ([[mark-15|Mk 15]]:34].
b. (22:3) [Sir 2:10].
c. (22:4) [Is 6:3].
d. (22:6) ([[psalm-25|Ps 25]]:3]; [Is 49:23]; [Dn 3:40].
e. (22:7) [Is 53:3].
f. (22:8) [Ps 109:25]; ([[matthew-27|Mt 27]]:39]; ([[mark-15|Mk 15]]:29]; ([[luke-23|Lk 23]]:35].
g. (22:9) [Ps 71:11]; ([[wisdom-02|Wis 2]]:18] – [20]; ([[matthew-27|Mt 27]]:43].
h. (22:11) [Ps 71:6]; [Is 44:2]; [46:3].
i. (22:12) [Ps 35:22]; [38:22]; [71:12].
j. (22:14) ([[psalm-17|Ps 17]]:12]; [Jb 4:10]; [1 Pt 5:8].
k. (22:18) [Ps 109:24].
l. (22:19) ([[matthew-27|Mt 27]]:35]; ([[mark-15|Mk 15]]:24]; ([[luke-23|Lk 23]]:34]; [Jn 19:24].
m. (22:22) ([[psalm-07|Ps 7]]:2] – [3]; [17:12]; [35:17]; [57:5]; [58:7]; [2 Tm 4:17].
n. (22:23) ([[psalm-26|Ps 26]]:12]; [35:18]; [40:10]; [109:30]; [149:1]; [2 Sm 22:50]; [Heb 2:12].
o. (22:27) ([[psalm-23|Ps 23]]:5]; [69:33].
p. (22:28) [Ps 86:9]; [Tb 13:11]; [Is 45:22]; [52:10]; [Zec 14:16].
q. (22:29) [Ps 103:19]; [Ob 21]; [Zec 14:9].
r. (22:32) [Ps 48:14] – [15]; [71:18]; [78:6]; [102:19]; [Is 53:10].
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_New American Bible, revised edition_ (2010, 1991, 1986, 1970) Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, D.C.
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