> [[at-sl-21|← B2 Ch. II]] # "Footnotes — Book Ii, Ch. Ii: Moral Virtues"" [1] ST. THOMAS, Ia IIæ, q. 55-67; IIa IIæ, q. 48-170; SUAREZ, *Disput*. *metaphsy*., XLIV; *de Passionibus et habitibus*, *De fide* etc.; JOANNES A S. THOMA, *Cursus theol., Tr. de Passionibus*, *habitibus et virtutibus*, etc.; ALVAREZ DE PAZ, t. II, lib. III, de adeptione virtutum; PHIL. A SS. TRINIT., P. II, tr. II, dis. I, II; J. J. OLIER, *Introd. à la vie et aux vertus chrét.;* RIBET, *Les vertus et les dons;* P. DE SMEDT, *Notre vie surnaturelle.* t. II; ST. FRANCIS OF SALES, *Devout Life*, *passim;* GAY, *Christian Life and Virtues*. [2] ST. THOMAS, Ia IIæ, q. 62-63; SUAREZ, *De passionibus et habitibus*, diss. III; J. A ST. THOMA, *op. cit.,* disp. XVI; L. BILLOT, *De virt*. *infusis;* P. JANVIER, *Carême* 1906; P. GARRIGOU-LAGRANGE, *Perfect. chrét. et contemplation,* p. 62-75. [3] *Op. cit.*, p. 64. [1] *Sum. theol.,* IIa IIæ, q. 63, a. 4; H. NOBLE, *Vie spirituelle,* Nov. 1921 p. 103-104. [1] Cf. ST AUGUSTINE, Letter 167 to Jerome *P. L.* XXXIII, 735. [1] ST. GREGORY, Moral. L XXII, c. I. [1] CASSIAN, *Conferences*, II; ST. JOHN CLIMACUS, *Scala,* XXVI; ST. THOMAS, IIa IIæ, q. 47-56; CH. DE SMEDT, *Notre vie surnaturelle,* t. II. p. 1-33; P. JANVIER, *Carême 1917.* [2] *Rom.,* VIII, 6-8. [1] *Matth.,* XVI, 26. [2] “That prudence is at once true and perfect, which rightly counsels, judges, and commands in view of the end and aim of all human life.” (ST. THOMAS, IIa IIæ, q. 47, a. 73). [3] “Hence the prudent man must know both the universal rational principles and the particular objects of action.” (ST. THOMAS, IIa IIæ, q. 47, a. 3). [1] Ephes., V, 15. [1] Not to return repeatedly to the same virtues, we shall indicate here the degree of each corresponding to the different stages of Christian perfection. [1] Matth., VI, 33. [1] John, XVI, 12. [2] Matth.,VI, 33. [3] Matth., X, 16. [4] Mark, XIII, 33. [1] *James,* III, 13-18. [2] ST. THOM., IIa IIæ, q. 56-122; DOM. SOTO, *De justitiâ el jure;* LESSIUS, *De* *justitiâ* AD. TANQUEREY, *Synopsis theol. moralis,* t. III, De virtute justitiæ; P. JANVIER, *Carême,* 1918. [3] Matth*.,* V, 6. [1] “When I speak of justice, I speak of the sacred bond that preserves human society, the indispensable curb to license… If justice prevails, good faith is found in treaties, truth in transactions, order in government, the earth is at peace, and heaven itself sheds over us its beneficent light and radiates down to us its blessed influence.” BOSSUET, *Sermon on Justice.* [1] Synopsis Theologiœ Moralis, t. III, De Virtute Justitiæ. [1] John., VIII, 7. [1] ST. THOMAS, IIa IIæ, q. 84; SUAREZ, *De virtute et statu religionis,* t. I, 1. II; BOUQUILLON, De virtute religionis; J. J. OLIER, *Introd. à la vie et aux verius*, ch. I; MGR D’HULST, Carême 1893, Conf. I; CH. DE SMEDT, *op. cit.,* p. 35-104; RIBET, *Les vertus,* ch. XXI. [1] *I. Peter*, II, 5. [1] *Ps.* XVIII, 2. [2] *Ps.* XCIX. 3. [3] *Rom.,* XI, 36. [4] *Id*. XIV, 8. [5] *I*. Cor., VII, 20. [1] Hebr., V, 1. [2] Hebr., V, 7. [1] St.John, XVII, 4. [2] Introd. à la vie et aux vertus, ch. 1. [1] ST. JOHN CLIMACUS, *The Ladder of Paradise,* IV; ST. THOMAS. IIa IIæ, q. 104-105; ST. FRANCIS OF SALES, *Devout Life,* P. III, C. XI; *Spiritual Conferences,* X-XI; RODRIGUEZ, *Christian Perfection,* P. III, Treat. V; GAY, *Christian Life and Virtues,* Vol. II, Treat XI. [2] *Ps.* CXVIII, 91. [1] *Phil.,* II, 8. [2] *I Cor.,* VI. 20. [3] *Rom.,* XIII, 1. [4] *Rom.,* XIII, 2. [5] *Luke,* X, 16. [1] See the Encyclical Letter of Pope LEO XIII, Rerum novarum, (Engl. transl. in The Great Encyclicals of LEO XIII, p. 209; AD. TANQUEREY, De justitia, wherein the Encyclical is commented upon). [2] Act., V, 29. [3] This is the doctrine of ST. FRANCIS DE SALES: “Many have been greatly mistaken as to this condition of obedience, believing that it consisted in doing at random whatever should be commanded, even were it contrary to the Commandments of God and of Holy Church. In this they have been greatly mistaken, imagining a folly to lurk in this quality of blindness which is not there at all. In all that relates to the Commandments of God, just as Superiors have no power whatever to give any contrary command, so in such a case inferiors have no obligation to obey—indeed, if they did so they would sin.” Cf. Spiritual Conferences of ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, Conf. XI, p. 179. (Translation by Canon Mackey). [1] St. Luke, II, 51. [2] Serm. de diversis, XXXV, 4. [3] Letter CXX. [1] ST. IGNAT., Constit., VI, § I, rule 36. [2] Ephes., VI, 5-9. [3] Letter CXX. [1] Spiritual Conferences, XI, p. 179. [2] ST. THOM., IIa IIæ, q. 104, a. 3, ad 3. [3] Spirit. Conferences, XI, p. 199. [4] Ibid., p. 186. [5] Sermo de diversis, XLI, 7.—This should be read in its entirety. [1] Matth., V, 18. [2] ST. FR. DE SALES, Spiritual Conferences, XI, p. 191. [3] II Cor., IX, 7. [4] Sum. Theol., IIa IIæ, q. 104, a. 3. [5] ST. GREGORY, Moral., 1. XXV, c. 10. [6] Luke, XXII, 42. [1] I Kings, XV, 22. [2] De Civitate Dei, 1. XIV, c. 12. [3] Sum. Theol., IIa IIæ, q. 104, a. 3. [4] I John, II, 5. [5] John, XIV, 15. [6] ST. THOM., IIa IIæ, q. 104, a. 3, ad 2. [7] Letter quoted above. [1] Quoted by ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, Spiritual Conferences, p. 192. [2] John, VIII, 29. [3] Ps., CXVIII, 165. [4] ST. BERNARD, Sermon III for Eastertide, 3. [1] Dialogue. [2] ST. THOMAS, IIa IIæ, q. 123-140; his commentators, particularly Cajetan and John of St. Thomas; JANVIER, Lenten Conferences of 1920; RIBET, Vertus, ch. XXXVII-XLII; CH. DE SMEDT, Notre vie surnat., t. II, p. 210-267. [3] ST. THOM., IIa IIæ, q. 123, a. 3. [1] Sum. Theol., IIa IIæ, q. 123, a. 6, ad 1. [1] Galat., I, 10. [2] II Cor., X, 17-18. [1] Luke, XXII, 43. [2] Luke, XXIII, 46. [1] ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, Devout Life, Part III, C. III; OLIER, Introd., C. IX; FABER, Growth in Holiness, C. IX; D. V. LEHODEY, Le Saint Abandon, Part III, C. III-V. [1] Matth., XXVI, 39. [1] I Peter, IV, 1. [2] Galat., II, 19. [3] Matt., V, 5, 10-12. [4] Rom., VIII, 17. [5] II Cor., XII, 9. [6] II Cor., VII, 4. [7] Luke XII, 50. [1] Constitut. Soc. Jesu, Exam. generale, cap. IV, n. 44. [2] Notre vie surnaturelle, t. II, p. 260.—Father Capelle, who has made a special study of this particular matter (Les Ames Généreuses, 1920, 3e P., Ch. IV-VII) sums up his teaching in three propositions: 1) It is Our Lord Himself who selects such victims. 2) He warns them in advance of what they will have to undergo. 3) He asks their free consent. [3] Sum. Theol., IIæ IIæ, q. 137, a. 1. [1] John, XV, 5. [2] Phil., IV, 13. [3] I Cor., I, 27-28. [1] II Cor.,V, 14. [2] Rom., VIII, 38-39. [3] Rom., VIII, 35. [4] Ps. XLII, 2. [5] ST. THOM., Ia IIæ, q. 141-170; SCARAMELLI, Guide ascétique, IIIe Traité, art. 4; RIBET, Vertus, ch. XLIII-XLVIII; CH. DE SMEDT, t. II, p. 268-342; P. JANVIER, Caréme, 1921 et 1922. See references, Nos 751 and 864, under Mortification and Gluttony. [1] CASSIAN, Conferences, XII; ST. JOHN CLIMACUS, The Ladder of Paradise, XV; ST. THOMAS, IIa IIæ. Q. 151-156; RODRIGUEZ, Christian Perfection, P. III, Treat. IV; ST. FRANCIS OF SALES, Devout Life, P. III, C. XII-XIII; GAY, Christian Life and Virtues, Treat. X.—See references No. 873. [1] Ephes., V, 25-26. [2] Devout Life, Part. III, C. XXXVIII. [3] Orat., XXXVII, 7. [1] Tobias, 9, VIII. [2] I Cor.,VII, 5. [1] See the excellent advice of St. Francis de Sales to widows, Devout life, Part III, C. XL. [2] Rom., I, 26. [1] Epist. XXII, ad Eustochium, P. L., XXII, 396. [2] Epist. LII, ad Nepotian. P. L. XXII, 531-532: “Trust not in your former chastity: you are not holier than David, nor can you be holier than Solomon. Always remember that a woman evicted the tenant of paradise from his possession.” [3] “For God does not enjoin the impossible; but when He commands, He bids us do what in our power lies and to pray for what lies beyond, the while He lends us the power to accomplish His command.” (Council of Trent, Sess. VI, C. II, DENZ. 804.) [4] Introd., C. XII. [1] I Cor. VIII, 14. [2] This was St. Jerome’s advice to Nepotian: “A woman’s foot should seldom if ever cross the threshold of your home… If in the course of your clerical duty you have to visit a widow or a virgin, never enter the house alone. Let your companions be persons, associates who will not disgrace you… You must not sit alone with a woman or see one without witnesses… Beware of all that gives occasion for suspicion; and to avoid scandal shun every act that may give colour to it ” Letter LII, 5, P. L. XXII, 531-532. [1] St. Jerome well describes these oddities: “Such men think of nothing but their dress; they use perfumes freely, and see that there are no creases in their leather shoes. Their curling hair shows the traces of tongs; their fingers glisten with rings; they walk on tiptoe across a wet road, not to splash their feet. When you see men acting in this way, think of them rather as bridegrooms than as clergymen.” LetterXXII, 28. [2] Spiritual Exercises, Rules for the Discernment of Spirits, XIII. [3] I Cor., IX, 27. [1] Job,XXXI, 1. [2] “Gaze not upon a maiden: lest her beauty be a stumbling block to thee… Turn away thy face from a woman dressed up; and gaze not about upon another’s beauty.” Ecclus. IX, 5, 8, 9. [3] I Cor., XV, 33. [4] Ephes., V, 3 & 4. [5] Méditations sur les SS. Ordres, p. 105. [1] MEYNARD, Virtues and Spiritual Doctrine of St. Vincent de Paul, C. XIX. [2] “How often, when I was living in the desert, in the vast solitude which gives to hermits a wild dwelling-place, parched by a burning sun, how often did I fancy myself among the pleasures of Rome!” Letter, XXII, n. 7. [3] Ibid. [4]ST. JEROME, Letter, XXII, n. 6. [5] Letter quoted, n. 5. [1] Ecclesiasticus, III, 27. [2] cf. above, n°s 595-606—friendships, true and false. [3] Vertus religieuses, pp. 73-74. [1] Ecclesiasticus, XXXIII, 29. [2] “Love the knowledge of Scripture, and you will no longer love the sins of the flesh… Always have some work on hand, that the devil may find you busy.” ST. JEROME, Letter CXXV, n. II. [1] Ladder of Paradise, Degree XV, 7. [1] See references, N° 818, under Pride. [1] De Gradibus humil., C. I, n. 2. [2] IIa IIæ, q. 161, a. 3. [3] l Tim., I, 17. [4] Apoc., VII, 12. [1] “I realize that it is Thy grace that has prevented me from doing whatever evil I have not done; for what evil is there that I could not have done, being given that I could take pleasure in doing wrong just for the pleasure of doing it? And I confess to Thee, my God, that Thou hast pardoned all my sins, those which I freely committed, and those which because of Thy guidance I did not commit.” (Confess. II, C. 3, P. L. XXXII, 681). [2] Catech. for an Int, Life, P. I, Lesson XVIII. [3] BUTLER, Benedictine Monachism, p. 51. [1] Ps. XVIII, 10. [2] According to the Code of Canon Law (can. 530) religious Superiors can no longer in any way seek to induce their subjects to disclose to them their conscience; but the Code adds: “ it is profitable for religious to approach their Superiors with filial confidence and manifest to them, if the Superiors be priests, their doubts and troubles of conscience.” [1] IIa IIæ q. 161, a. 4. [2] I Peter, V, 5. [1] I Peter, V, 5. [2] Isaias, XLII, 8. [3] Super Missus est, Homil. IV, 9. [4] Matth., XI, 25. [5] IICor., X, 5. [6] Enarrat. in Ps. CXLI, c. 7. [1] Sermon 10 on the Words of the Lord. [2] Phil. II, 5. [3] Ibid.,7. [4] Luke, II, 1. [5] Ibid., 7. [1] John, I, II. [2] Luke, II, 12, [3] Luke, II, 51. [4] Johns VI, 61. [5] Elévations XXe Semaine, 8e Elév. [6] John, VIII, 15-16. [1] John, XIV, 10. [2] John, VII, 16. [3] John, V, 30; XIV, 10. [4] John, VIII, 50. [5] John, XVII, 4. [6] Matth., XX, 28. [7] II Cor., V, 21. [8] Mark, XIV, 33, 34. [9] Matth., XXVI, 50. [10] Ps. XXI, 7. [11] l Peter, II, 23. [1] Hymn "Adoro te” of St. Thomas. [2] Matth., XXVI, 40. [3] Matth., XI, 28. [1] Luke I, 46, 49. [2] Phil., I, 18. [3] Hebrews, X, 24. [4] Phil, II, 3. [5] MAYNARD, Virtues and Spiritual Doctrine of St. Vincent de Paul, p. 202, 203. [1] Ecclesiasticus, III, 22. [2] Romans, XII, 3. [3] MAYNARD, Virtues and Doctrine, p. 209. [1] Luke, XIV, 10. [2] MAYNARD, Virtues and Doctrine, p. 213. [3] This is well explained by MGR. GAY in Christian Life and Virtues, Vol. I, On Humility, p. 370, “There is a habit of exterior humility in which the soul that is truly humble always maintains the body. There is, exteriorly, a self-restraint, a reserve, a calm which gives to the whole physiognomy that charm which we express by the word “modesty”. The look is modest, the voice is modest, the laugh is modest, and every movement is modest… Nothing is further from affectation than true modesty. St. Paul says: Let your modesty be known to all men, the Lord is nigh! There, in fact, is the secret of this ravishing and holy attitude, God is nigh to this soul, and this soul never forgets it: it lives in His Presence, and acts under His Eye, in the company of the good Angels.” [1] “We often confess ourselves to be nothing, nay, misery itself, and the refuse of the world; but we would be very sorry that any one should believe us, or tell others that we are really such miserable wretches. On the contrary, we pretend to retire, and hide ourselves, so that the world may run after us, and seek us out. We feign to wish ourselves considered as the last in the company, and sit down at the lowest end of the table; but it is with a view that we may be desired to pass to the upper end. True humility never makes a show of herself, nor uses many humble words. ” (ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, Devout Life, III Part, C. V). [2] Ibid. [3] ST. JOHN CLIMACUS, The Ladder of paradise, XXIV; ST. FRANCIS OF SALES, Devout Life, P. Ill, C. VIII-IX; OLIER, Introduction, C. X; CARD. BONA, Manuductio, C. XXXII; RIBET, Ascétique; VEN. A. CHEVRIER, Le Vériiable Disciple, p. 345-354. — See references under Anger, N° 853 and Fraternal Charity, N° 1236. [1] St. Jerome gives an excellent description of this virtue in his Commentary on Galatiansy V. 20: Meekness is a mild virtue, it is kindly, serene, gentle in speech, gracious in manner, it is a delicate blending of all the virtues. Kindness is akin tc it, for, like meekness, it seeks to please; still it differs from the latter in that it is not as winsome and seems more rigid, for though equally prompt to accomplish good and render service, it lacks that charm, that gentleness that wins all hearts. [2] Introduction, C. X. [3] Méditations sur VEvangile. [4] Romans, VIII, 28. [1] ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, Devout Life, Part III, C. IX. [2] P. CHEVRIER, I.e Disciple, p. 345-354. [3] Isaías, XLII, 1-4; Maltha., XII, 17-21. [4] Matth., XI, 29. [1] Introduction, C. X, --- > [[at-sl-21|← B2 Ch. II]]