# Page 1^page=1 486 THREE AGES OF THE INTERIOR LIFE Benedict XIV (Cardinal Lambertini) (1675-1758). De servorum Dei beatificatione et beatorum canonizatione (1788). On questions of asceticism and mysticism this work often reproduces De oratione Christiana (1687) of Brancati di Lauria. J. H. Newman (1801-90). Meditations and Devotions; Difficulties of Anglicans. H. E. Manning (1808-92). The Eternal Priesthood. Baltimore: Murphy, 1883. F. W. Faber (1814-63). All for Jesus (London: Bums, Oates and Washbourne, 1853). The following works were published in Baltimore by Murphy: The Blessed Sacrament (1855); The Creator and the Creature (1857); Bethlehem (i860); The Foot of the Cross (1897); The Precious Blood; Growth in Holi?zess. Cardinal Gibbons. The Ambassador of Christ. 1896. L. Beaudenom (1840-1916). Pratique progressive de la confession et de la direction; Formation a I'humilite. A. Saudreau. Les degres de la vie spirituelle (6th ed., 1935); La vie d'union <J Dieu (3d ed., 192 1); Uetat mystique, sa nature, ses phases, et les faits extraordinaires de la vie spirituelle (2d ed., 1921). Msgr. Lejeune. Manuel de theologie mystique. 1897. Cardinal Mercier. La vie interieure, appel aux dmes sacerdotales. 191 9. A. Chevrier. Le pretre selon FEvangile. Lyons: Vitte, 1922. Msgr. A. Farges. Les phenomenes mystiques distingues de leurs contrefagons hunidnes et diaboliques. 1920. Robert de Langeac. Conseils aux dmes d'oraison, an excellent book. Lethielleux, 1929. A. Tanquerey. The Spiritual Life (English translation by Herman Brandeis, S.S. Philadelphia: Reilly, 1930). This work, which is excellent in certain respects, places the passive purification of the senses very late in the spiritual life, that is, after the entrance into the unitive way, whereas for St. John of the Cross it marks the entrance into the illuminative way. Charles de Foucauld (hermit in the Sahara). Ecrits spirituels. Paris, 1927. Index Abnegation, 374-78; see also Mortification Acceleration of charity; see Virtues Acedia; see Sloth Activity, necessity of subordination of natural, 467 Acts, necessity of sanctifying all, 96 Acts, imperfect (remissi) : definition of, 135; not proper to the perfect, 160; and problem of the increase of charity by, 1351. Acts, meritorious: definition of, 133; problem of increase of charity by, 133 f. Acts, result of perfect, 136(1. Ages of the spiritual life, three age of beginners: characteristics of, 243 f., 270 f .; direction of, 258 ff .; generosity required in, 271-74; humility in, 274; imagination in mortification of, 342 ff.; intellect and personal judgment in, 353-64; love of God in, 268-71; magnanimity in, 273 f.; memory in, 345-52; prayer of, 444-53; self-knowledge and knowledge of God in, 267 f.; the senses in, 275-84, 332-41; sensible consolations in, 269; spiritual pride of, 383 f.; state of, 240 f. age of the perfect: characteristics of, 244 ff. age of proficients: characteristics of, 244; imperfections of, 241 characteristics of, 226 f., 243-46 comparison with ages of corporeal life, 238 f., 241 differences and transition between the, 239-46 distinction between: preserved by St. Thomas Aquinas, 237 f. division made by Scaramclli and his followers, 16, 227 problem of, 225, 228 reasons for divergence in divisions of, 227 f. Ages of the spiritual life (continued) in spiritual life of the apostles, 229 f. synopsis of, 245 traditional division of, 14 f., 225 ff.: testimony of Greek fathers to, 23035; testimony of Latin fathers and great spiritual writers to, 235-38 Aim of this work, 8 f. Ambition; see Pride Americanism, 275-77 Appetites, passions and the, 49; see also Mortification, Purification Aridity (sensible) in divine trials, 390 f. Arrogance; see Pride Attraction, law of universal, 131 f. Austerities, attitude of Church toward, 335 note Austerity of flagellants, Jansenists, Montanists, 280 Beatitude, 30-33, 156 Beatitudes of the active life of the Christian: of the merciful, 168 f.; of those that hunger and thirst after justice, 168 of contemplation and union with God: of the clean of heart, 169 f.; of the peacemakers, 170 f.; of those that suffer persecution, 177 ff. definition of, 172 of the deliverance from sin, 165: of the meek, 166 f.; of the poor in spirit, 166; of those that mourn, 167 grandeur of Christian perfection shown by, 163-73 order of, 165 relations of: to gifts of the Holy Ghost and the three ages, 206-13 Beginners; see Ages of the spiritual life Blessed Trinity; see Trinity, Blessed Blessed Virgin; see Mary Boasting; see Pride ( "iiMiistry, definition of, iu; see also Theology Charity; see Theological # Page 2^page=2 488 INDEX Christ exemplar of evangelical counsels, 210 f. humanity of: instrument through which graces are communicated to souls, 109-12 influence on His mystical body, 109 ff. as man is Mediator, i2of. necessity of imitating the crucified, 295 ff.; see also Mortification our Mediator and conversation with God, 47 our sanctity and progressive incorporation in, 117 f. principal Priest of the Sacrifice of the Mass, 407 ff . result of consideration of humanity of, 118 result of hypostatic union on humanity of, 210 r. sanctifying influence of, 109-18: through the Eucharist, 1 12-17 Church, marks of sanctity of, 211 Communion: conditions of a fervent, 417-20; conditions of a good, 417; consummation of gift of self, 115; each Communion should be substantially more fervent, 143, 420 f.; effects of, 1 15-17; fruits of, 420; source of sanctification, 4146.; thanksgiving after, 421-27 Concupiscences, three, 209 f., 301; see also Self-love Confession: contrition, 400 ff.; fruits of, 402-5; how to make, 400 f.; preparation for, 397 ff Conscience, examination of, 304-7: based on sins opposed to virtues, 321; based on virtues, 322; on selfabnegation, 377; time required for, 398 Consolations in prayer: in beginners, 269; detachment from, 375 f.; distinguished from divine lights, 259 note; and spiritual gluttony, 337 Contemplation, infused and the beatitudes, 169-73 desire for, 87 of God: in mirror of mysteries of salvation, 460; in mirror of sensible things, 460; in obscurity of faith, 460 morally necessary for full perfection, «94 in normal way of sanctity, 193 ff. pride removed by, 451 and superhuman mode of gifts, 226 Contention; see Pride Contrition, sadness of, 405; see also Confession Counsel; see Gifts of the Holy Ghost Counsels, evangelical: Christ, exemplar of, 210 f.; general obligation of, 206; moral maladies opposed to, 208; nature of, 212 f.; and restoration of original harmony, 210-13; special obligation of priests and religious to observe, 206; spirit of, 206; and theological virtues, 213; useful but not indispensable means for perfection, 184; and wounds of the soul, 206-10 Criticism of superiors; see Pride Curiosity, definition of, 354 f.; see also Derision, 464 f . Desire for God, 38 f.; see also Contemplation, infused Detachment: in the Blessed Virgin, 83; in Christ, 83; degrees in, 82 ff.; prayer for, 377; according to St. John of the Cross, 375 f.; spirit of, 374 Detraction, 464 Devotion, definition of true, 337 note Direction, spiritual: of beginners, 258 ff.; duties of directed soul, 263 f.; necessity of, 256 ff.; of proficients and the perfect, 260 f . Director, qualities of spiritual, 261 ff. Discernment of spirits, whole question of, 82 Disobedience; see Pride Disorder, triple: introduced by sin, 209 f. Dispositions, habitual; see Gifts of the Holy Ghost Distractions; see Prayer Duty of the present moment and actual grace, 93 f. Egoism, Tauler on, 468 f.; see also Selflove Egoist: results of his self-love, 41 f.; subject of his interior conversation, 41 End, abnegation demanded by supernatural, 294 f.; see also Mortification Errors, refusal to recognize, 382; see also Pride Eucharist, greatest of sacraments, 414; see also Communion Examination of conscience; see Conscience INDEX 489 Excellence, inordinate love of one's; see Pride Faith; see Theological Fault, predominant: definition and description of, 314 f.; examination to discover, 321 f.; how to combat, 3i8ff.; how to recognize, 316 ff. Fear; see Gifts of the Holy Ghost Fidelity to grace; see Grace Forgetfulness of God, 345 ff. Fortitude; see Gifts of the Holy Ghost, Virtues, moral Friendship: danger of particular, 336; frivolous, 336 note; true and supernatural, 336 f. Gaze: first intellectual, 363 note; first supernatural, 363 f. Gifts of the Holy Ghost in ascetical life, 81 f. and the beatitudes, 77 note connected with charity, 77 grow together, 77 f. habitual dispositions, 71 ff. necessary to salvation, 73-78, 179 purpose of, 85 according to St. Thomas, 70-78 specifically distinct from virtues, 73 superhuman mode of, 78-82 synoptic table of gifts and corresponding virtues, 76 teaching of Scripture on, 66 f. teaching of tradition on, 67-70 two modes of, 79 f . Glory: definition of, 34; proximate perfect disposition to receive, 38 f. Gluttony; see Sins, capital Gluttony, spiritual; see Consolations Grace actual: divine motion and various forms of, 90 ff.; necessity of, 88 f.; offered for duty of present moment, 93 f.; see also Motion, divine efficacious grace to pray offered to every man, 433 note; see also Prayer fidelity to, 93-96 life of: develops under form of infused virtues and gifts, 51 f. mystery of, 95 note operating: activity under, 93; definition or, 92 prcvcnieiii, 91 sanctifying, 51: growth of, 110-43; Grace (continued) value of, 29 f .; see also Progress, spiritual state of: seed of eternal life, 29, 34-37 Happiness, true and lasting: definition of, 164; end of the beatitudes, 164; means to obtain, 164-73 Harmony original: restored by Christ, 210 triple: before original sin, 209; disturbed by sin, 209 f.; see also Sin, original Heaven, union of enjoyment of, 30-33 Holy Ghost: moves souls according their habitual docility, 137; soul of mystical body, 107 f. Hope; see Theological Humility: in beginners, 274; false, 379; necessary for mental prayer, 454; seven degrees of, 177 f. Hypocrisy; see Pride Ignorance: invincible, 308; vincible, 307 f .; see also Sin Imagination; see Purification, active Imperfection: definition of, 333, 399 note; distinguished from sins of frailty, 340 note, 399-400; reasons for avoiding, 334 Inclination: characteristics of evil, 468 f.; characteristics of good, 469 f.; see also Egoism Indwelling of the Blessed Trinity; see Trinity, Blessed Inspirations, need of special, 85 f. Insult; see Justice Intellect defects of: curiosity, 354 f.; dullness of mind, 357 f.; spiritual blindness, 356 f.; spiritual pride, 355 f. and natural knowledge of God, 50 object of, 49 superior to will, 155 f. and supernatural knowledge of God, 5° Intellcctualism, evil, 467 Intention, purity of: necessary for mental prayer, 454; value of, 468 Jansenism: austerity of, 280; false supernaturalism of, 280; pessimism of, 280 Joy, foolish; Iff Pride Justice, vices Opposed to, 404 f.; see Virtue*, moral # Page 3^page=3 490 llNl Knowledge; see Gifts of the Holy Ghost Knowledge, quasi-experimental: and indwelling of Blessed Trinity, 103 f.; in normal way of sanctity, 105 f. Levity of mind; see Pride Levity of spirit; see Tepidity Liberty, unbridled; see Pride Life active: disposes to contemplative, 217 eternal: and vision of God, 31 ff. interior: and Blessed Trinity, 97-108; and intimate conversation with God, 40; nature of, 28, 43-48; sources of, 28; speech of, 46 f.; and spiritual youth, 44; what it requires, 29 Love of God: more perfect than knowledge of God, 447; not in golden mean, 200 f. interested: condemned by quietists, 368 Luxury, spiritual, 337-38 and note 16 Lying; see Tepidity Magnanimity in beginners, 273 f. Man: resemblance to angel, 49 f.' St. Paul on ihe inward, 44 Martyrdom, sign of charity, 146 Mary, Blessed Virgin Mediatrix: ascending mediation of, 122-26; descending mediation of, 126-28; influence of, 119; new Eve, 124^; universal, 121 progress of charity in, 132 queen of martyrs, 123 f. Mass assistance at, source of sanctification, 406-13 different ways of assisting at, 41 1 ff . effects of: relating to God, 409; relating to men, 409 ff . source of excellence of, 407 ff. Mean, golden; see Love of God Mean, happy: in moral virtues, 64 f.; see Virtues, moral Mediation, meaning of universal, 120 Mediocrity, 201 and note: not possible for certain souls, 457 Meekness, 339 f. Memory; see Purification, active Merits, restoration of lost, 142, 403 Method: deductive, 12; descriptive, ci; union of descriptive and deductive, 12 f. Missions, divine, 106 Modernism, 275-78 Mortification exterior: not sufficient, 342; results of neglect of, 342 according to the Gospel, 281-84 of irascible appetite, 338-41 motives of, 285-98, 332: consequences of original sin, 286-90; consequences of personal sins, 290-93; infinite elevation of supernatural end, 294 f.; necessity of imitating Jesus crucified, 295 ff. of predominant fault, 314-20 according to St. Paul, 285 of sensuality, 334-38 spirit of, 284 Motion, divine: modes of, 90 ff .; table of different modes of, 92 Murmuring against neighbor's reputation, 464; see Justice Mystical body: Holy Ghost, soul of, 107 f.; sanctifying influence of Christ on, 107-18 Naturalism, answer to practical, 298 Oblation, Christ's interior, 407 ff. One thing necessary: nature of, 3 ff.; present status of, 5-8 Organism, spiritual: expressed in table of virtues and gifts, $i Parable, reason for Christ's use of, 343 Passion antecedent, 309; see Sin of frailty classification according to St. Thomas, 324 consequent, 309 defined, 323 from three points of view: ascetical, 326-31; moral, 325 f.; psychological, mf~, t .. . . Peace: fruit of purification of will, 376 f .; true, 172 f. Penance, end of virtue of, 285 Penance, sacrament of; see Confession Perfection austerity and, 146 basis of special obligation of priest to tend to, 218 ff. and charity, 149 f.: according to Suarez, 174 f., 185 note in charity, according to St. Thomas, 154, 156 ff. consists secondarily and instrumentally INDEX 491 Perfection (continued) in observance of the counsels, 198 f.; useful means to attain, 184 duty of all to advance in, 202-5 erroneous ideas of: fortitude, barbarians' idea of, 145 ff.; wisdom, Greek philosophers' notion of, 147 ff. error of quietists in regard to, 183 note essence of: according to St. Paul, 14953 full: attainable on earth only in transforming union, 192 note; belongs to mystical order, 172; infused contemplation morally necessary for, 194; never reached without perfect prayer, 172 ideal of episcopal, 223 f. in increasingly generous fulfillment of supreme precept, 199 loftiness of, 186 1. means to attain, 186 nature of, possible on earth, 159 obligation to tend to: of priest, 218-23; of religious, 214-18 a plenitude, 185 prayer to advance in, 377 progress in: and confession, 404 requirements for: acts of virtues which are of precept, 183-86; great charity, 175-79; heroic practice of virtues, 179-82; passive purifications, 193; spirit of the counsels, 207 Perseverance, final, 140 Pessimism; see Jansenism Piety; see Gifts of the Holy Ghost Prayer to advance in perfection, 377 difference between prayer of petition and merit, 1 38 f . efficacy of: necessity of belief in, 428 ff .; source of, 430-35 and final perseverance, 140 petitions we should make, 435 f .: for temporal goods, 436 qualities of fruitful, 139 Prayer, liturgical contemplative chant, 439-43 deformed psalmody, 437 ff . distractions in, 438 f. means of union with God, 437 mutual relations of mental prayer and, Prayer, menial affective, 450-51 attitude toward iiu tlmili, 445 f. Prayer, mental (continued) culminating point of, 450 definition according to St. Teresa, 444, 451 dependence on grace of God, 454 essential acts of: charity, 449 ff.; faith, 448; hope, 449; humility, 448 how to persevere in, 456-60 mortification necessary for, 454 f . movements of contemplation: circular, 460; spiral, 460; straight, 460 nature of, 445 absolutely necessary for some, 457 f. preparation (immediate), 456; preparation (remote) : frequent prayer during day, 455 f .; grace, 454; humility, 454; mortification, 454 f .; silence in soul, 455 purity of intention necessary for, 454 of simplicity according to Bossuet, 451 ff. Precept, first: obliges all in a general way, 197 f.; without limit, 196-205 Precipitation: causes of, 329; cure for, 329; definition of, 328; effects of, »° Presumption; see Pride Pride definition of: according to St. Augustine, 380 f.; according to St. Thomas, 380 of life: definition of, 301; introduced by sin, 209 f.; necessity of mortification of, 302; root of four capital sins, 302; sins may spring from, 301 f. nature of, 379 ff. opposed to humility, 381 remedy for, 385-88 St. Catherine of Siena on results of, 383 note St. Gregory on degrees of, 381 Pride, defects born of: presumption, 382, 385; vainglory, 385 f. Pride, forms of, 381-84 Priest: and Divine Office, 221; obligation to tend to perfection, 218-23; sanctity becoming to, 220 Problem, religious: relations of man with God, 6ff. Progress: in religious life, 377; summary of spiritual, 247; synoptic table of, *45 Punishment (temporal), the Mass and remission of, 409 f. l'urgiitory, 38: of sufferings necessary for illumination, 452 f. # Page 4^page=4 492 INDEX Purification, active: of the imagination, 343 f.; of the intellect, 353-59; of the memory, 345-52; principles to be applied to purification of the senses, 332 ff.; of the will, 365-78 Purifications, passive crises of transition, 240 ff.; see also Ages of the spiritual life necessary: for full perfection, 190-93; to eliminate moral defects, 84-88 St. Thomas on necessity of, 187 f. of the senses: nature of, 191; necessary before illumination, 452 f. of the spirit: nature of, 192 f. Quality, principal natural, 315 Quietism: confusion of spiritual sloth with divine trial of aridity, 391 f .; error in regard to perfection, 183 note; examination of conscience useless according to, 304; naturalism of inaction, 277 ff.; results of excessive fear of, 16 f .; and self-love, 368 Reading, spiritual, 247-55: dispositions for profitable, 253 ff.; fruits of, 254 and note; importance of, 247 f., 362; of lives of the saints, 252 f .; of Scripture, 247 ff.; of spiritual works of the saints, 249-52 Rebellion; see Pride Rectitude, lack of, 367 Redemption, essence of mystery of, 123 Religion, virtue of, 153 Sacraments: grace produced ex opere opcrato by, 141; and measure of grace, 141 ff., 397 Sacrifice, lack of spirit of; see Tepidity Sacrifice of the Mass; see Mass Sanctification in way of salvation, progressive, 204 f. Sanctity of the Church; see Church definition of, 23, 339 nature of great, 182 normal way of, 22 f. one way of, 242 f., note 88 Satisfaction, sacramental, 404 Self-knowledge, 267 f.; see also Ages of the spiritual life Self-love, 300 ff. cure for, 368 f., 372 ff. good and blamablc, 368 note Self-love (continued) included in charity, 300 and quietism, 368 results of, 208 f ., 300 f . St. Augustine on cure of, 368 f. source of all sins, 367 and utilitarianism, 367 f. wound of malice, 366 f. Self-love, inordinate: St. Catherine of Siena on, 371; Tauler on, 468 f.; The Imitation on, 369 ff.; see also Egoism Self-will: abnegation of, 372 f.; definition of, 367; mortification of, 373; source of sin, 367 Sin definition of, 300 dissimulation of, 382 of frailty, 307, 309, 399 habit of, 382; see also Pride of ignorance: invincible, 308; vincible, 307 f. of malice, 307, 310 ff. mortal: sacramental accusation of, 398 original, consequences of, 286-00; see also Harmony, triple personal, consequences of, 290-92 remnants of, 291, 302 Sin, venial deliberate, a serious obstacle to perfection, 398 f. disposes to mortal sin, 334 and imperfection, 333 f.; see also Imperfection impossibility of continually avoiding, 83 f. need of seeking cause of, 399 Singularity, 382; see also Pride Sins, capital: consequences of, 302; enumerated, 299; roots of, 299-302; in spiritual order, 333 Sloth, spiritual (see also Quietism, Tepidity) a cause of tepidity, 464 confused with aridity by quietists, 391 f. cure for, 395 f . definition and description of, 389-93 gravity and results of, 393 ff. Soul, human: higher faculties of, 49; parts of, 48; sensitive part of, 48 f. Souls, retarded, 461-72; see also Tepidity Stubbornness; see Pride Studiousness, virtue of, 355 note, 362 note Temperance; see Virtues, moral INDEX 493 Tenacity in judgment, 363 Tepidity causes of: levity of spirit, 464; lying, 464; neglect of little things, 461 ff.; refusal of sacrifices asked, 463 f.; spiritual sloth, 464; tendency to derision, 464 f . definition of, 463 f. loss of zeal in, 463 remedy for, 467 f. results of, 465-68 Thanksgiving; see Communion Theological virtue of charity activity of: in the perfect, 158 note, 160 f. bond of perfection, 150 definition of, 56 degrees of, 226, 244 should grow until death, 1 29 growth of: and life of grace, 132-48; by merit, 133-38; through prayer, 138 ff.; through sacraments, 141 ff. high degree of: and perfection, 163 law of acceleration, 1 3 1 f . love of: cannot be continual on earth, 159 ff.; God attained immediately by, 157 necessity of high degree of: for perfection, 164 no one excluded, 1 29 notable increase of: and divine missions, 106 perfection of: deliberate sin and voluntary imperfections excluded by, 159 f. result of generous act of, 134 f. summary of progress of, 247 superior to knowledge of God on earth, 155-58 true: all the virtues implied by, 151 weak (remissus) act of: and increase of grace, 135 f. Theological virtue of faith acquired: source of, 54 infused: basis of justification, 53 definition of, 52 f., 361 essentially imperfect, 74 how to live by, 361 f nature of, 53 f. preserved in state of mortal sin, 56 principle of active purification of intellect, 359 Theological virtue of hope definition of, 56 preserved in m.ik r>J motttl >in, j6 shares imperfection of fiiitli, 74 Theological virtue of hope (continued') subordination of self to God by, 368 note Theology: branches of, 10; method of, 9-13; object of, 9 f. Theology, ascetical: defined, 21; and mystical theology, 13-24 Theology, mystical: and ascetical theology"324; defined, 21 Theosophy, heresy of, 148 f. Time, religious employment of, 396 Tradition, importance of: essentially divine, 99 note Trinity, Blessed duties toward, dwelling in soul, 106 ff. indwelling of: principle of supernatural operations, 106; official teaching of Church on, 100 f.; and quasiexperimental knowledge of God, 103; spiritual consequences of, 105 f.; testimony of Scripture to, 97 ff.; testimony of tradition to, 09 ff.; theological explanation of, 101-5 Two cities according to St. Augustine, 368 f. Understanding; see Gifts of the Holy Ghost Union, hypostatic: result on humanity of Christ, 2iof. Universalism, true and false: conflict between, 358 f.; definition of, 358 f. Utilitarianism, definition of, 367 f.; see also Self-love Vainglory; see Pride Virtues acquired moral: under direction of natural reason, 57; in state of mortal sin, 58 f.; in state of solid virtue, 59; in state of unstable dispositions, 58 f . false, 58 heroic: conditions necessary for, 180 infused moral: necessity of, 59-62; object of, 57; produced by God, 57 moral: differences between acquired and infused, 60 ff .; happy mean of, 64 f.; object of, 52, 57; relations between infused and acquired, 62-66 theological virtues: object of, 52; see also Theological three religious: connection with theological virtues, 218 Vision (immediate) of God surpasses 11 Mm il capacity of created intellect, 3 j f,| lie also Life, eternal # Page 5^page=5 494 irNI Vows, three: end of, 216 f.; of essence of religious state, 215 f.; reasons for increasing perfection in observance of, 215; three obstacles to, 216; see also Counsels Will active purification of, 365-78: difficulty of, 373; by abnegation, detachment, 372-78; fruit of, 376 f.; by progress in love of God, 372 ff. definition of, 365 object of, 365 Will (continued) principal defect of, 366 f . qualities of true strength of, 373 f. virtues of, 372 Wisdom; see Gifts of the Holy Ghost Wound of malice, 366 f. Wounds of the soul, 306-10 Youth, spiritual: renewed day by day, 44; see also Life, interior Zeal: bitter, 340 f.; its loss in tepidity, 463 ![[pursuits-texts/99-library-assets/pdf/tta-vol-1-garrigou-lagrange-index.pdf]]